China is currently undergoing an extensive anti-corruption campaign that has led to the removal of numerous high-ranking military officials. This upcoming political event, known as the Two Sessions, set to begin on March 4, will see the absence of over a dozen military personnel, underscoring the campaign’s breadth. Recently, Tan Ruisong, the former chairman of the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC)—a major defense contractor—was cited as the latest figure ensnared in this crackdown. The Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) accused Tan of accepting large bribes and benefiting excessively from military contracts. Neither Tan nor AVIC has responded publicly to these allegations.
Analysts suggest that this purge primarily serves to ensure loyalty to President Xi Jinping within the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), rather than focusing purely on corruption. In just two years, more than 14 senior military officials have faced punitive measures. Speculation surrounds Defense Minister Dong Jun, who may be under investigation, a situation previously denied by the Foreign Ministry. Observers are keen to see if he participates in the upcoming meetings.
The campaign has also seen the dismissal of General Li Yuchao, head of the PLA’s Rocket Force, as part of ongoing disciplinary actions affecting multiple ranks of military leadership, including generals and high-ranking executives from defense organizations. In a speech to military leaders last year, Xi emphasized the importance of unwavering loyalty to the Communist Party, reiterating that military power must be controlled by those loyal to the party.
Some experts interpret these actions as evidence of political strife within the Communist Party. The military purges may be aimed at removing leaders perceived to be less loyal to Xi, thereby preemptively quelling any opposition. This perspective posits that while corruption within the military is not new, it is being leveraged by Xi to eliminate potential rivals.
Interestingly, figures close to Xi, such as Miao Hua from the Central Military Commission, have also been targeted in the crackdown, signaling the campaign’s depth. The removal of two defense ministers in 2023, Wei Fenghe and Li Shangfu, emphasizes a broadening scope beyond just procurement sectors, affecting the Political Work Department, which monitors party loyalty within the military.
While some analysts argue the purges may strengthen Xi’s grip on power, they also caution that such actions could undermine military morale and operational efficiency, particularly concerning ambitions regarding Taiwan. If Xi cannot assure himself of the PLA’s success in military operations, he might be deterred from engaging in conflicts, especially over Taiwan or in the South China Sea.
Concerns have been raised about the impact of the anti-corruption campaigns on the PLA’s morale and capability to perform its essential functions. The Rocket Force, critical in any potential Taiwan conflict, has faced severe scrutiny under this campaign. Analysts warn that while China may possess advanced military technology, ethical breaches and leadership purges could render the PLA less effective than it appears.
Xi’s ongoing effort to eliminate dissent among military leaders stems from the recognition of shifting global dynamics. The uncertainty surrounding the PLA’s effectiveness forces Xi to mitigate any risk of challenges to his authority, particularly as he prepares for possible future confrontations on the world stage.
