According to the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS)’s new report, written by Stefan Ulreich, professor of energy economics at Biberach University of Applied Sciences, Germany, to meet future hydrogen demand, the scale of renewable electricity demand for green hydrogen production is unprecedented and leads to once-in-a-generation opportunities and challenges.
The report identified that the heavy Industry sector is expected to dominate global hydrogen demand to 2050, with South Korea, Japan and Europe being the first markets for hydrogen.
However, analysis of current hydrogen demand scenarios shows tremendous volatility, increasing uncertainty for businesses and investors.
The report also highlighted that to meet just 30 million tons of annual global green hydrogen demand, the world would require up to 411 new hydrogen vessels and the equivalent of the yearly electricity production of South and Central America combined.
Guy Platten, Secretary General of the International Chamber of Shipping states: “For global hydrogen demand to keep the net-zero by 2050 scenario within reach, demand for hydrogen-based fuel sources would need to scale five times from current levels to reach approximately 500 million tons from 2030 to 2050.
“One of the main takeaways in this report is the high variability in potential demand. Industry will dominate the hydrogen demand. Shipping however can play a key role as an enabler to the hydrogen economy.”
The report highlighted three economies as the main markets to initially drive hydrogen demand – South Korea, Japan and the EU. Europe has a target of 20 million tons of hydrogen per year by 2030, with half of that volume to come from imported sources. To meet this expected demand of the EU, the fleet will need to increase by up to 300 vessels for the EU2030 target.
According to the International Energy Agency, hydrogen use is expected to remain static and within current industrial use cases into 2030. However, to go beyond the current hydrogen demand by existing sectors, infrastructure, enabling regulation and power access barriers need to be addressed for new sectors to begin uptake of hydrogen, the report found.
Platten added: “Regulatory certainty is vital, and governments are the key to unlocking the opportunity for early adopters by prioritizing demand incentives over supply support to catalyze offtake agreements.
“One thing is certain, readiness at ports and infrastructure development to remove barriers for maritime uptake will be crucial. This will allow for both the maritime and other sectors to move forward, adding energy-security and enhancing diversification. This is a once in a generation opportunity to transform the whole energy-maritime value chain.”
Ulreich stated: “Key for the realization of a future hydrogen economy is the infrastructure for production, but also transportation infrastructure. The maritime industry will play a key role by connecting the hydrogen surplus regions with the high consumption areas.
“However, this necessitates port infrastructure for loading/unloading and pipeline transport from the port to the consumers. A coordinated action would help most to deliver this.
“What we are seeing is that the annual hydrogen demand would mean increasing the fleet to transport hydrogen by ship. To just meet a global increase if 30 million tons of hydrogen traded worldwide, we could need up to 411 new hydrogen vessels (for long distances) or up to 500 vessels if transported as ammonia.”
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