In an interview with Maritime Fairtrade, Arvind Saxena, assistant managing director, Executive Ship Management, discusses how emergency preparedness formed out of technology, strategic operations and a strong mental mindset can counter expected and unexpected problems. Arvind has over 16 years of sailing experience before working onshore.

How has the gravity and frequency of emergencies at sea changed over the past two years?

The geopolitical conflict in the Middle East has impacted the entire world economy, and more so, the shipping industry directly. For example, in the Red Sea, the Israel-Gaza conflict has heightened the risks for vessels. Likewise in the Black Sea, the Russia-Ukraine conflict has further exacerbated risks for merchant navy vessels as we watch with concern missiles and counter missiles hitting innocent targets, including commercial vessels at times.

We have taken all proactive steps to avoid getting caught in the crossfire and monitor the situation closely. We are aware that there could only be a political solution to the region and hopefully it will be achieved soon keeping in mind the peace and prosperity of the world at large.

On the technological side, the rise of alternative fuels like ammonia, hydrogen, liquefied natural gas (LNG), and hybrid batteries has introduced new operational complexities. Each of these fuels have different characteristics from highly toxic ammonia to highly flammable hydrogen to self-sustaining fires of batteries and more. These need to be dealt with differently.  

Dual-fuel engines and advanced systems like ballast water treatment plant, exhaust gas scrubbers and NOx reduction technologies, though beneficial for environmental compliance, bring risks of equipment failure and operational hazards.

The lack of “adequately trained” and “resilient” seafarers to handle these emerging technologies intensifies the challenge. Proper hands-on training in managing these systems and proficiency in resource management is critical to ensure safety and mitigate emergencies.

What is necessary to achieve a flawless operation?

Ensuring flawless operations require a comprehensive and coordinated approach, especially given the dynamic nature of the shipping industry today. Cost optimization, evolving regulations, decarbonization efforts and digitalization have pushed owners and charterers to engage more deeply in operational aspects, traditionally handled by technical managers.

As mentioned earlier, successful operation of a ship heavily relies on the competence and skills of both the onboard crew and the shore-based support staff. Having a well-trained and capable crew is essential for ensuring smooth, efficient, and safe operations. Equally important is the expertise of the shore staff, who provide crucial maintenance, logistical, and technical support. 

Effective collaboration between owners, charterers, and technical managers is crucial for ensuring compliance with maritime regulations, streamlining operations, and leveraging technology and digitalization. Adopting eco-friendly technologies not only enhances operational sustainability but also plays a vital role in the overall success and efficiency of maritime operations.

Why is R&D on new technologies and fuels so pressing and critical under today’s maritime landscape?

Decarbonization is at the forefront of global discussion as the need of the hour and cannot be deferred any more. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is actively contributing by implementing regulations. 

At the 80th Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) session, IMO adopted a more ambitious target of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050, a significant shift from the 50 percent reduction outlined in its initial 2018 GHG strategy. 

Further regulatory developments are anticipated at the 83rd MEPC session, with new measures expected to be implemented by 2027. IMO is also exploring market-based measures to address GHG emissions.  

With the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) already in place and the FuelEU Maritime set to take effect on January 1, 2025, the maritime industry faces growing financial burden and mounting pressure to reduce its carbon footprint.

Research into alternative fuels, such as ammonia, hydrogen, and biofuels, along with advancements in energy-efficient technologies, is now crucial. Shipowners must invest in R&D to remain compliant, avoid penalties, and maintain operational efficiency in this evolving regulatory landscape. 

Developing more efficient engines, propulsion systems, and energy-saving technologies can significantly reduce operational costs while ensuring compliance with environmental standards.

In summary, R&D is vital for the maritime industry to stay ahead of regulatory, environmental, and economic challenges, paving the way for a more sustainable and competitive future. 

How do seafarers need to be educated on responding to piracy and armed robberies?

Effectively handling piracy and armed robberies requires seafarers to be equipped with the right tools, training, and knowledge. Regular training by conducting real-life scenario drills prepares crews to respond quickly and cohesively in high-stress situations.

Seafarers should be well-versed in essential ship protection measures, such as piracy-specific Best Management Practices (BMP5), hardening the ship, utilizing citadels (safe rooms), and implementing defensive navigation practices. This includes understanding high-risk areas, careful route planning, and strict adherence to recommended security protocols.

Efficient communication during emergencies is vital. Seafarers must know how to send distress signals, communicate with naval forces, and utilize systems like the Ship Security Alert System (SSAS) to secure swift assistance from shore-based authorities and naval ships.

With the advancement of digitalization, maritime security can now be closely monitored from shore, allowing for real-time oversight. This enables timely support to be provided to vessels, helping to mitigate potential emergencies and enhance overall safety.

Given the severe psychological impacts of piracy attacks, mental health training and support are essential. 

Additionally, to mitigate the piracy attacks and related emergencies, shipowners and charterers should also consider deploying armed security guards in high-risk areas and rerouting to safer waters when necessary.

You spent more than 16 years sailing as part of your long career. What advice would you give to those who are considering joining the maritime workforce?

Having sailed for over 16 years, my advice for those considering a career in the maritime workforce is to be prepared for both challenges and rewards. Adaptability is crucial as life at sea is dynamic, with varying environments, cultures, and situations. 

Hard work and discipline are essential. You are responsible not only for your own safety but also for that of the crew, vessel, and cargo.  Collaboration is key. You will work closely with a diverse team, so effective communication and teamwork are critical to ensure smooth operations.

Staying up-to-date and continuously upgrading your skills – especially in areas like maritime technology, safety protocols, and sustainability – are vital for long-term success.

Last and the most importantly, mental resilience is one of the most important qualities for me. Being away from family and land for long periods can be emotionally challenging. 

If you are passionate, eager to learn, and ready for adventure, the maritime industry offers a fulfilling and growth-filled career. 

I feel proud to be a part of this profession for almost four decades.

Photo credit: Executive Ship Management. Arvind Saxena, assistant managing director, Executive Ship Management.