ABS Develops Advanced Simulation for Lithium-Ion Battery Fire Risks in Maritime Transport
The American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) has made significant strides in addressing the safety risks associated with transporting electric vehicles (EVs) by developing an advanced simulation model for thermal runaway events in lithium-ion battery fires. This initiative aims to tackle the emerging safety challenges presented by fires on car carriers, a pressing concern given the increasing prevalence of EVs at sea.
The new simulation model, validated by research from Texas A&M University, offers a detailed profile of thermal runaway at the battery cell level. This breakthrough provides critical insights into the total heat released during such events, enabling the formulation of appropriate firefighting responses. According to ABS Chairman and CEO Christopher J. Wiernicki, these runaway fires can exceed temperatures of 1,200°F (650°C), creating unprecedented challenges for the shipping industry, which plays a vital role in distributing manufactured vehicles worldwide.
In response to these challenges, ABS has introduced an enhanced fire protection notation, EFP-C(EV), as part of its Marine Vessel Rules. This notation outlines specific criteria for improving fire protection arrangements in Roll-on/Roll-off (RO/RO) cargo spaces designated for EVs. Additionally, ABS has issued a “Best Practices for the Transport of Electric Vehicles Advisory,” providing essential guidelines for shipping operators.
The unique fire risks associated with lithium-ion batteries stem largely from their propensity for thermal runaway. Such incidents are notoriously difficult to extinguish, often burning at extreme temperatures, releasing flammable and toxic gases, and presenting the risk of re-ignition even after they appear to be under control. Recent incidents of catastrophic fires on vessels transporting EVs have underscored the urgent need for robust preventive measures and effective response strategies.
ABS’s commitment to enhancing safety is reflected not only in their simulation efforts but also in their support for research collaborations worldwide. Their funding of studies, particularly with the Laboratory for Ocean Innovation at Texas A&M University, emphasizes battery fire prevention and response as one of the eight critical research priorities. This multifaceted approach demonstrates ABS’s dedication to combining advanced technology, safety excellence, and industry insight in developing effective solutions for maritime fire risks.
For immediate access to best practices and guidance, ABS has made the Guide for Enhanced Fire Protection Arrangements and the advisory for transporting electric vehicles available for download, ensuring that maritime operators have the necessary tools to manage the risks associated with EV transportation effectively.
In summary, ABS’s innovative simulation modeling and the development of enhanced safety protocols signify vital progress in mitigating the risks associated with EV fires at sea, reinforcing the importance of safety in a rapidly evolving maritime landscape.
