Summary: The Role of the Indian Coast Guard in Coastal Security
The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) is crucial to India’s maritime security framework, as highlighted by a recent review from the parliamentary standing committee on defense. Established in August 1978 under the Coast Guard Act, the ICG serves as the National Coordinating Agency for maritime law enforcement, search and rescue operations, and responses to marine pollution. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the ICG plays an integral role in a multi-tiered national security structure.
Key Functions of the Indian Coast Guard
1. Enforcement of Maritime Laws:
The ICG is responsible for overseeing and implementing maritime laws and international treaties that India has signed, promoting compliance with legal standards in its territorial waters.
2. Safety and Protection of Coastal Areas:
The ICG conducts regular patrols to ensure the safety of artificial islands and offshore terminals, particularly in Offshore Development Areas (ODAs) on India’s East and West coasts.
3. Life and Property Protection:
The Coast Guard aids mariners in distress, safeguards fishermen, and acts during natural or man-made disasters. This includes protecting India’s marine resources, such as oil, fish, and minerals.
4. Inter-Agency Coordination:
The ICG collaborates with customs and other enforcement agencies, playing an active role in anti-smuggling operations and preventing the illicit movement of contraband goods.
5. Environmental Protection and Data Collection:
Its responsibilities also encompass the preservation of marine environments and the collection of scientific data related to meteorological and oceanographic conditions.
Initiatives to Strengthen the Coast Guard
To enhance its capabilities, the ICG participates in and conducts a variety of inter-agency maritime exercises, such as SAREX-2024 and Sagar Kavach. In 2009, its responsibilities expanded as it was designated the authority for coastal security in territorial waters, assuming oversight of coastal police operations. The Director General of the ICG serves as the Commander of the Coastal Command, ensuring coordination between central and state agencies on coastal security matters.
Conclusion
Over the years, the Indian Coast Guard has established itself as a leading maritime agency, significantly contributing to India’s search and rescue framework. Through its continuous interactions with various stakeholders, the ICG supports India’s broader vision of Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR). This role reinforces India’s position as a proactive maritime partner in the global arena, highlighting the ICG’s importance in national and regional security strategies.
