The MAHASAGAR initiative represents an evolution of India’s maritime strategy, shifting from the original SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in Regions) framework introduced in 2015, which primarily focused on maritime security in the Indian Ocean. Launched on November 29, 2023, MAHASAGAR aims for a more expansive approach that encompasses not just maritime security, but also critical economic and geopolitical dimensions.
The term “MAHASAGAR,” translating to “Great Ocean,” reflects India’s broader ambitions regarding maritime engagement and strategic countermeasures, especially against growing Chinese influence in the region. This initiative is designed to strategically contain China’s expanding footprint, particularly in light of its Belt and Road Initiative and the “String of Pearls” strategy, which focuses on establishing a network of ports and strategic assets in the Indian Ocean.
MAHASAGAR is an acronym for “Maritime Heads for Active Security And Growth for All in the Region,” indicating its comprehensive commitment to enhancing security while fostering economic growth and geopolitical stability among regional partners. This initiative seeks to address the multifaceted challenges in the Indo-Pacific and emphasizes the vital role of the Blue Economy, underscoring sustainable economic use of marine resources.
The scope of MAHASAGAR diverges from its predecessor by emphasizing the necessity for strategic cooperation in economic and geopolitical arenas, which includes forming alliances and partnerships to counter specific threats, particularly from China. This broader focus implies that India is not just reinforcing its naval defenses but also advocating for enhanced trade, economic integration, connectivity, and sustainable development within the Indian Ocean region.
Key questions regarding MAHASAGAR’s implications highlight its strategic containment objectives and the benefits it offers India—ranging from enhanced naval power and improved regional leadership to better technological and infrastructure collaborations. The initiative seeks to reinforce India’s stance as a “Net Security Provider” in the Indian Ocean, responsible for delivering naval assistance, intelligence sharing, and ensuring maritime stability, while also providing humanitarian assistance and disaster relief.
While integrating MAHASAGAR into its strategy, India does not withdraw from its commitments to countries like Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and Seychelles, which have benefited from previous maritime initiatives. Rather, MAHASAGAR builds upon these existing relationships to foster greater collaboration and security.
In summary, MAHASAGAR marks a significant evolution in India’s maritime strategy, moving beyond mere security concerns to engage actively in economic growth and geopolitical stability, particularly in countering Chinese influence in the Indian Ocean and Indo-Pacific regions. This expanded vision aims to establish India as a pivotal player in regional maritime security while promoting sustainable development and cooperation among neighboring nations.
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