India and Mauritius have recently elevated their bilateral relations to an “enhanced strategic partnership” during a visit by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. This move includes the signing of several agreements aimed at bolstering cooperation across various sectors, such as maritime security and trade through local currencies. Notably, India introduced a new initiative for the Global South, termed “MAHASAGAR” (Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions), further solidifying its commitment to regional partnerships. Additionally, India provided a navigational chart of St. Brandon Island to Mauritius.
Significance of Mauritius for India
India’s diplomatic ties with Mauritius date back to 1948, predating the latter’s independence. The significance of this partnership can be identified through several key dimensions:
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Strategic Location: Mauritius occupies a crucial location in the western Indian Ocean, which enhances India’s maritime security, particularly in light of China’s increasing influence in the region. The collaboration aids in combating piracy, terrorism, human trafficking, and illegal fishing.
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Geopolitical Importance: Often referred to as the “Star and Key of the Indian Ocean,” Mauritius has become a hotspot of interest among global powers, including China, Europe, and Gulf nations. The establishment of a Chinese base in Djibouti accentuates its strategic role.
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Maritime Security Partnership: Mauritius is integral to India’s strategy for ensuring security in the Indian Ocean. It participates in the Colombo Security Conclave alongside India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, and Bangladesh. India has developed infrastructure in Mauritius, including coastal radar stations and access to its naval Information Fusion Centre.
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Airspace Cooperation: India has upgraded an airstrip on Agaléga island, enhancing its capacity to deploy military assets directly, strengthening regional security.
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Business Gateway to Africa: Mauritius serves as a vital entry point for Indian investments in Africa, bolstered by the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and the India-Mauritius Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement.
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Cultural Ties: Approximately 70% of Mauritius’s population is of Indian descent, fostering strong cultural connections rooted in shared history, particularly from the times of indentured labor.
Challenges in India-Mauritius Relations
Despite a robust partnership, challenges persist:
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Trade and Taxation Agreements: Mauritius has expressed the need for revisions to its trade and taxation agreements with India, as FDI inflows into India from Mauritius have notably decreased since changes implemented in 2016.
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China’s Influence: China has invested in several infrastructure projects in Mauritius, challenging India’s traditional stronghold.
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Balancing Ethnic Engagement: India’s relationship requires careful navigation to engage Mauritius’s diverse communities.
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Drug Trafficking: The rise of drug trafficking in Mauritius presents risks for India’s maritime interests.
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Environmental Risks: Mauritius faces significant climate challenges, including rising sea levels and coastal degradation.
Conclusion
India’s role as a development partner and crisis responder has solidified its reputation as a dependable ally. Although Mauritius must balance its relations with global powers, it continues to value India’s consistent support in strengthening its sovereignty and strategic autonomy. Modi’s visit represents India’s commitment to deepening this multifaceted partnership.
Overview of MAHASAGAR
MAHASAGAR expands upon India’s 2015 maritime policy, SAGAR, to encompass a broader scope across the Global South. Key areas under MAHASAGAR include promoting trade, mutual security, technology sharing, and financial assistance. Noteworthy initiatives like IOS (Indian Ocean Ship) and AIKEYME (Africa-India Key Maritime Engagement) aim to foster collaboration and maritime security among nations in the Indian Ocean Region, positioning India as a pivotal maritime partner in the region.
