Transformation of India’s Ports and Shipping Sector: Insights from Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal
The Indian ports and shipping sector has undergone substantial changes, driven by technological integration, capacity enhancement, sustainability measures, and strong public-private partnerships (PPPs). Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal highlights several key achievements and ongoing initiatives that are shaping the future of this critical industry.
Milestones and Growth
In 2023-24, the sector reached notable milestones with coastal cargo movement climbing to 162 million metric tonnes per annum (mmtpa), reflecting a 7% increase from the previous year and marking an impressive 112% rise since 2014-15. Major ports in India recorded a cargo throughput of 820 mmtpa, up 3% year-on-year. The Indian fleet has also expanded, with the number of Indian-flagged vessels reaching 1,526 and shipbuilding capacity increasing, evidenced by the construction of ships amounting to a gross tonnage of 26,412.
Technological Advancements
A significant shift towards technology-enhanced operations is underway, utilizing data analytics and artificial intelligence to boost efficiency and minimize logistics costs. The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) has launched initiatives such as the Sagar-Setu app and the National Logistics Portal-Marine to create a centralized platform for all stakeholders, thus improving operational efficiency.
Capacity Enhancements
To further boost port capacities, the ministry is focused on infrastructure development and policy reforms. Key projects include the Vadhavan port, with a natural depth of 20 meters and expected to handle 28.3 million TEUs by 2040, and the Great Nicobar Island port, planned to manage 4 million TEUs by 2028.
Sagarmala Programme
The Sagarmala programme plays a pivotal role in India’s maritime strategy, with over 839 projects valued at Rs 5.79 trillion, of which 262 have been completed. The programme aims to reduce logistics costs by enhancing port infrastructure, improving connectivity through 91 completed road and rail projects, and promoting coastal community development.
Public-Private Partnerships
In 2023-24, PPP projects worth Rs 90.8 billion were approved, signifying growing investor confidence. The government aims to increase the share of cargo handled by PPP players from 56.5% to 85% by 2030, emphasizing the importance of private participation in port development.
Sustainability Efforts
Sustainability is a core component of the MoPSW’s strategy. Initiatives include the Harit Sagar programme to reduce carbon intensity and the Green Tug Transition Programme aiming for hybrid propulsion systems in tugs by 2025. Tuticorin Port is designated as India’s first green hydrogen hub.
Dredging Sector and Challenges
The dredging capacity has improved, but challenges like high turnaround times and inadequate hinterland connectivity persist. The government aims to increase port draughts to 17 meters and improve efficiencies through smart technology and maintenance works undertaken on PPP basis.
Future Outlook
Looking ahead, the Maritime India Vision 2030 aims to modernize the sector through improved port efficiency and increased inland waterway transport. The Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047 seeks to elevate India’s position in global ship tonnage and shipbuilding while attracting foreign investments.
In conclusion, the Indian ports and shipping sector is positioned for robust growth, supported by strategic initiatives, technological advancements, and a commitment to sustainability. The collaboration between public and private sectors is set to transform the maritime landscape, enhancing India’s position in global trade.
