Malaysia’s journey toward becoming a comprehensive maritime nation-state is multifaceted and ongoing, shaped largely by its geographic position and commitments under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This article, part of the “UNCLOS 40th Anniversary Series – Why UNCLOS Matters,” underscores the significance of maritime governance in addressing contemporary security challenges while adhering to UNCLOS principles.
Since signing UNCLOS in 1982 and ratifying it in 1996, Malaysia has recognized its vital role as a coastal state. With a coastline stretching 4,675 km across its western and eastern coasts, as well as Borneo, Malaysia’s maritime interests are extensive. The Straits of Malacca (SOM), one of the world’s busiest maritime corridors, is crucial not only for Malaysia but also for global international shipping. As a result, Malaysia is tasked with ensuring the safety of navigation and environmental protection in the SOM, aligning its goals with those of neighboring countries like Indonesia and the Philippines.
Maritime security in Malaysia faces a range of non-traditional threats, including piracy, illegal fishing, and human trafficking. Addressing these challenges requires a collaborative approach involving various stakeholders, including coastal states, shipping industries, and military entities. Key players in Malaysia’s maritime security framework include the Royal Malaysian Navy, the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency, and the Royal Marine Police, all committed to safeguarding Malaysia’s maritime zone.
The legal framework governing navigation through the SOM was a significant consideration during UNCLOS negotiations. Article 43 of UNCLOS outlines protocols for this region, promoting unimpeded navigation and environmental safeguards for all states. Malaysia’s maritime claims, particularly its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of 200 nautical miles, are deeply rooted in the law established by UNCLOS, asserting the country’s rights to natural resources while upholding freedom of navigation for others.
As a member of ASEAN, Malaysia is committed to peace and security in Southeast Asia, advocating for peaceful dispute resolutions and adherence to international laws like UNCLOS. The country has a longstanding tradition of international cooperation in maritime assurance, illustrated by its engagements since the inception of safety conventions like SOLAS in 1914.
Despite its significant maritime assets, Malaysia recognizes the need for a coherent and flexible national plan to navigate new global challenges effectively. Enhancing cooperation with regional and international partners will be essential for addressing transnational maritime issues and fostering a sustainable maritime environment.
In conclusion, while Malaysia has the potential to solidify its status as a fully-fledged maritime nation, the path requires a robust, multifaceted approach to maritime governance. By aligning with UNCLOS principles and enhancing cooperative efforts, Malaysia aims to address the evolving landscape of maritime security while pursuing its sovereign interests effectively.
