UPSC Current Affairs – 22 December 2025 Summary
Southern Ocean Carbon Anomaly
Recent research published in Nature Climate Change reveals that the Southern Ocean has acted as a stronger carbon sink than previously predicted. This ‘Southern Ocean carbon anomaly’ defies long-standing climate models, highlighting a need for improved representation of oceanic processes. Factors contributing to the anomaly include intensified westerly winds, increased freshwater input from Antarctic ice melt, and stratification that limits carbon dioxide release. The implications are significant, underscoring the urgency of reducing carbon emissions as a reliance on natural sinks poses risks, especially if stratification weakens.
Reforming the Fertiliser Subsidy in India
The current fertiliser subsidy in India, which aims to support farmers by keeping prices low, has become one of the biggest and most distorted subsidies in the Union Budget. Analysts argue for urgent reforms that would transition from price subsidies to direct income support to better address nutrient imbalance and environmental concerns. Current inefficiencies, notably low nutrient use efficiency and dependence on imports, necessitate a paradigm shift toward sustainable agricultural practices and increased digital agriculture utilization for precise fertiliser application.
Save Aravalli Campaign
In light of the Supreme Court’s ruling that limits the protective definition of the Aravalli Hills, the Save Aravalli campaign has emerged, seeking to halt further ecological damage and mining activity. Experts warn that this redefinition could threaten biodiversity, disrupt hydrology, and increase mining threats to one of the most significant geological formations in India. The campaign’s significance lies in the role of the Aravallis as key ecological assets that contribute to climate moderation and groundwater recharge.
Facts for Prelims (FFP)
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SHANTI Act, 2025: This act modernizes India’s nuclear energy framework, allowing private sector involvement and enhancing safety and liability regulations while establishing a more robust regulatory environment.
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Viksit Bharat–G RAM G Act, 2025: A major revision to rural employment strategies, it guarantees increased employment days and focuses on creating durable assets for climate resilience, ensuring better integration of rural planning processes.
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Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI): This IMF initiative provides swift funding assistance to countries facing urgent economic pressures, which was recently utilized by Sri Lanka following a natural disaster.
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National Maritime Heritage Complex: In collaboration with the Netherlands, this complex aims to preserve and showcase India’s maritime history at Lothal, an important archaeological site.
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IUCN Species Survival Commission: Led by Indian conservationist Vivek Menon, this commission plays a crucial role in biodiversity preservation globally.
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Great Indian Bustard: Critical conservation efforts are underway to protect this endangered species in Rajasthan and Gujarat, amidst concerns about habitat fragmentation from infrastructure development.
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Bhima River Controversy: Karnataka has requested intervention regarding the unauthorized use of water from the Bhima River by Maharashtra, emphasizing the need for equitable water management in cross-border river systems.
This summary encapsulates critical developments, legislative changes, and environmental concerns significant for the UPSC exams, offering insights into evolving national and global issues.
